Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN): PESTLE Analysis [Nov-2025 Updated]

You're sitting on a gold price near $3,244.09/oz, but for Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN), the biggest risk isn't geology-it's the political and social instability in Peru that can erase that value. We've mapped the external forces-the Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal, and Environmental (PESTLE) factors-to show you exactly how the upcoming 2026 elections, $12 billion in illegal gold exports, and 40-year permitting timelines dictate your investment strategy and threaten your $126 million Q1 2025 EBITDA.

Political: Instability and Regulatory Risk

Political instability is the primary bottleneck for Buenaventura, making 80% of project viability a non-technical risk. Peru has cycled through six presidents since 2016, and the upcoming 2026 presidential elections will intensify anti-mining rhetoric, which defintely increases regulatory uncertainty.

While the government is pushing a 'regulation shock' to streamline permitting, progress is slow. Honestly, you can't rely on a quick fix from Lima. You need to assume the regulatory environment will remain volatile. So, your immediate action must be to focus on high-level government relations and securing local community agreements well ahead of any major capital expenditure (CapEx).

Political risk is your new grade control.

Economic: Gold Tailwinds vs. Execution Risk

The economic tailwind is strong, with gold prices peaking near $3,244.09/oz in April 2025, which gives Buenaventura a massive revenue boost. Mining investment in Peru is anticipated to reach at least $4.8 billion for the 2025 fiscal year, showing capital is still flowing into the sector.

Plus, your Q1 2025 EBITDA from direct operations was a strong $126 million. The company's low leverage ratio of 0.45 as of September 2025 provides strong financial flexibility. But, you can't just pour this cash into new projects without addressing the political risk first. Use that financial strength-that low leverage-to fund strategic, de-risked mergers and acquisitions (M&A) or high-impact community development projects that buy you social license.

Gold prices are high, but execution risk is higher.

Sociological: Conflict and the Shadow Economy

Social conflicts and illegal gold mining are direct threats to your operational continuity. In 2024, there were 21 active conflicts reported in mining regions, and the shadow economy of illegal gold is projected to generate a staggering $12 billion in exports in 2025.

The termination of the REINFO program, which attempted to formalize miners, in mid-2025 triggered protests by over 50,000 informal miners. This shows the scale of the problem. Communities are also demanding greater local benefit sharing and control over water resources. Honestly, informal mining is a shadow economy you cannot ignore. You must create a formal, transparent benefit-sharing framework that goes beyond minimum legal requirements to build trust and reduce the friction that leads to these conflicts.

Informal mining is a shadow economy you cannot ignore.

Technological: Efficiency and Permitting Acceleration

Technology is your best tool for efficiency gains and for navigating the notoriously slow permitting process. Buenaventura invested $42.3 million in advanced technological exploration in 2023, which is a good start.

The industry-wide push for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) for predictive maintenance is crucial; it cuts downtime, which directly impacts your bottom line. Plus, the government's Ventanilla Única Digital (VUD), aiming to simplify permitting by July 2025, is a technological opportunity, even if the regulatory side is slow. Still, you should prioritize the adoption of injection leaching technology at operations like Yanacocha to improve gold recovery.

Technology buys you time and efficiency.

Legal: Long Timelines and Rising Compliance Costs

The legal environment is defined by long timelines and rising costs. The permitting process for a major mining project averages 40 years in Peru-that's a huge drag on capital. Proposed mining concession reforms could shorten exploration rights to as little as 10 years from decades, which would fundamentally change your long-term planning.

Your tax burden is clear: a Corporate Income Tax (CIT) rate of 29.5%, plus a mining royalty rate of 8.4%. Stricter enforcement of anti-corruption laws is also increasing compliance costs and scrutiny. You must ring-fence your existing exploration rights and budget for higher compliance costs, because compliance is not optional; it's a cost of doing business.

Compliance is not optional; it's a cost of doing business.

Environmental: ESG and Water Scrutiny

Global Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scrutiny, especially from European Union (EU) regulations, is increasing your reporting burden. Mining expansion puts significant pressure on water resources, which is a key source of community conflict.

Buenaventura is focused on reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and improving water management, which is good, but you need to go further than just compliance. The need to secure long-term biodiversity net gain (BNG) and environmental outcomes reporting is real. But, the most immediate action is to shift your water management from a compliance-only model to a community partnership model.

Water is the new gold standard for social license.

To protect the value created by the high gold price, your Strategy/Operations Team must develop a 12-month Social Risk Mitigation Plan, prioritizing the 21 active conflict regions, by the end of Q4 2025.

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN) - PESTLE Analysis: Political factors

Political Instability and Regulatory Risk

The political environment in Peru, where Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN) operates, is defined by extreme volatility, which directly translates into high regulatory risk for the mining sector. You are operating in a country that has seen six presidents since 2016, a level of turnover that erodes institutional strength and policy consistency. This instability has delayed critical private investments and worsened social polarization. Honestly, navigating this environment is like trying to build a skyscraper during an earthquake.

The frequent changes at the top mean that long-term policy-like the stability agreements crucial for large-scale mining-is constantly under threat of review or reversal. Even the recent government under President Dina Boluarte, who was impeached and replaced by José Jerí in October 2025, faced historically low approval ratings, hovering around 4% in March 2025, signaling deep public dissatisfaction. This low public trust complicates every interaction with the government and local communities.

Upcoming 2026 Elections and Anti-Mining Rhetoric

The upcoming general elections, scheduled for April 12, 2026, are already intensifying uncertainty and sharpening anti-mining rhetoric. The political landscape is highly fragmented, with 43 parties registering to compete, almost double the number from 2021. This fragmentation makes a clear mandate unlikely and increases the risk of populist, anti-extractive policies.

We're already seeing this play out. A top conservative candidate, for example, is campaigning on a vow to revoke exploration permits for idle projects and redistribute them. This kind of 'use-it-or-lose-it' policy, while aimed at perceived land-hoarding, creates a massive risk for companies like Buenaventura with long-cycle projects. The election cycle is defintely a period where ideological interference complicates community relations, as past campaigns have used simple, damaging slogans like 'Water yes, gold no' to harm investment.

Regulation Shock and Permitting Progress

The government is trying to address the bureaucratic logjam with a so-called 'regulation shock' to streamline permitting, but progress is slow. The average time from initial concession to production for a large-scale mine is still around 40 years, which is simply too long for today's capital markets.

The main initiative is the Ventanilla Única (VUD), a one-stop-shop designed to digitalize and integrate permitting processes across different government departments. While this sounds great, its implementation has been gradual, with exploration permitting only included in February 2024. To be fair, there are positive proposals, such as allowing mines to increase daily production by up to 10% without needing a new permit, a significant jump from the current 5% limit, which could help boost output. But still, the core issue of slow, complex bureaucracy remains a drag on new investment.

Socio-Political Factors Drive Project Viability

For Buenaventura, project viability is overwhelmingly a political and social challenge, not a technical one. Industry experts estimate that a mining project's success in Peru depends 80% on socio-political factors and only 20% on technical aspects like engineering and studies. This means community relations and managing social conflicts are your primary risk mitigation strategy.

The sheer number of conflicts underscores this risk: there were 166 active social conflicts in 2025, with nearly half directly related to the mining sector. This forces a shift in capital allocation from pure extraction to community investment. Buenaventura's strategy reflects this reality:

• Buy $240 million per year in services and goods from surrounding communities.
• Leverage $800 million from public funds for local infrastructure projects.
• Maintain a strategy focused on strong regulatory compliance and effective risk management.

This is the cost of doing business in a politically fragile environment. Your next step should be for the Risk Management team to model the impact of a 20% tax hike or a 10-year reduction in concession period, based on current election rhetoric, by the end of the quarter.

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN) - PESTLE Analysis: Economic factors

The economic landscape for Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN) in 2025 is defintely shaped by two major forces: a surge in precious metal prices and a strong, capital-intensive domestic mining environment. The primary takeaway is that high commodity prices and disciplined financial management have created a significant revenue tailwind and robust balance sheet flexibility for the company.

You need to see the big picture here. BVN is riding a wave of higher gold prices while operating in a country that is aggressively investing in its core sector, which means sustained infrastructure and labor support. Still, the risk of inflation and local social conflicts remains a constant factor, so we need to stay vigilant.

Gold Prices Peaked Near $3,500/oz in April 2025, Providing a Huge Revenue Tailwind

The precious metals rally in early 2025 provided a massive boost to BVN's top line. Gold prices, driven by geopolitical uncertainty and central bank buying, hit a record high of $3,500/oz on April 22, 2025, shattering previous records. This price strength is a direct, powerful driver of revenue and margin expansion for a gold and silver producer like BVN.

This high-price environment directly impacts the profitability of BVN's main gold-producing units, such as Orcopampa and Tambomayo, and makes the imminent start-up of the San Gabriel project even more valuable. For context, the average realized gold price for BVN in the first quarter of 2025 was already substantially higher than the prior year, contributing to the overall revenue growth.

BVN's Q1 2025 EBITDA from Direct Operations was Strong at $126.3 Million

The high metal prices translated directly into strong operational performance. BVN's Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (EBITDA) from direct operations for the first quarter (1Q25) ended March 31, 2025, was US$ 126.3 million. This was a significant increase compared to the US$ 94.5 million reported in 1Q24, showing a 34% year-over-year jump.

Here's the quick math on how the price and production mix factored in. The company saw higher net sales of US$ 307.7 million in 1Q25, up 25% from 1Q24, primarily due to better prices and a higher volume of silver sold from the Yumpag mine. That's a clear sign of operational efficiency meeting market opportunity.

Mining Investment in Peru is Anticipated to Reach at Least $4.8 Billion for the 2025 Fiscal Year

The broader Peruvian economic environment is supportive, with the government actively promoting capital inflow into the mining sector. Peru's Minister of Energy and Mines, Jorge Montero, expects total mining investment to reach $4.8 billion in 2025. This forecast is critical because it signals continued government support and infrastructure development around mining regions.

The actual investment for the first eight months of 2025 has already reached US$3.34 billion. This capital is flowing into crucial areas like:

• Exploration and development of new projects.
• Infrastructure upgrades for existing operations.
• Expansion of copper and gold production capacity.

For BVN, this means a more stable operating environment and access to a stronger local supply chain, even with the persistent challenge of illegal mining in some regions.

Low Leverage Ratio of 0.45 as of September 2025 Provides Strong Financial Flexibility

BVN's financial health is robust, giving it a strong buffer against commodity price volatility or unexpected capital expenditures. As of September 2025, the company's net debt to EBITDA leverage ratio stood at a very healthy 0.45. This is a significant improvement from the 6x leverage ratio seen during a difficult period in 2021.

A leverage ratio this low means the company has significant capacity to take on new debt for growth projects, like the San Gabriel development, or to weather any near-term economic shocks. The target for management is to not go higher than 2x leverage. This disciplined capital allocation strategy is a key strength. The company's cash position reached US$ 588.5 million by the end of 2Q25, further underscoring this financial strength.

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN) - PESTLE Analysis: Social factors

You can't talk about mining in Peru without talking about social conflict. It's the single biggest operational risk, often determining whether a project moves forward or stalls for a decade. For Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN), navigating the complex web of community demands, illegal mining, and government policy shifts like the REINFO program is a constant, high-stakes battle for your social license to operate (SLO).

Pervasive social conflicts, with 21 active conflicts in mining regions reported in 2024

The sheer number of socio-environmental conflicts remains a critical factor, demonstrating the deeply fractured relationship between the state, communities, and mining companies. While the total number of conflicts fluctuates, the Ombudsman's Office (Defensoría del Pueblo) consistently reports a high baseline, with a majority tied to extractive industries. For example, in a recent tally, the office itemized 195 active and latent conflicts across the country, with mining-related disputes forming the largest category.

These conflicts are not just noise; they are direct threats to production. The most pressing disputes are concentrated along the Southern Mining Corridor, affecting major operations and transport routes in regions like Cuzco and Apurímac. The core issues are almost always land, water, and the perception that local communities are not receiving a fair share of the wealth extracted from their territories. This is a perpetual headwind for any large-scale project.

Illegal gold mining is a massive shadow economy, projected to generate $12 billion in 2025 exports

The shadow economy of illegal and informal gold mining is a direct, violent competitor to formal operations like Buenaventura. Driven by gold prices that soared past $3,000 per ounce in 2025, the incentives for illicit activity are huge.

Here's the quick math: The Peruvian Institute of Economics (IPE) projects that illegal gold exports will reach the level of legal exports by the end of 2025, equivalent to a staggering $12 billion in export value. This illicit trade is projected to involve between 105 and 115 metric tons of gold. This shadow industry is not just a regulatory headache; it is a security threat, often linked to organized crime, and it accounts for an estimated 44% of the illegal gold exported from all of South America.

Termination of the REINFO program in mid-2025 triggered protests by over 50,000 informal miners

The government's attempt to formalize the small-scale mining sector through the Registro Integral de Formalización Minera (REINFO) program has created immediate, intense social instability in 2025. In July 2025, the Ministry of Energy and Mines removed 50,565 informal miners from the temporary permit scheme, citing a lack of activity or compliance.

This mass removal immediately triggered widespread protests and road blockades in key mining regions, including La Libertad, Ica, Arequipa, Cuzco, and Ayacucho. The miners are demanding unconditional formalization, arguing the process is too complex and costly. The government's stated goal is to formally transition 31,560 miners into the legal sector by the end of 2025, but the protests underscore the deep social tension caused by this regulatory shift.

Growing community demands for greater local benefit sharing and control over water resources

The demand for water control is a major flashpoint. Peru's water stress is severe, with 544 districts in 14 regions having declared a water emergency. Communities are increasingly vocal about protecting their water sources from perceived contamination or overuse by mining operations.

Buenaventura is directly addressing this with a new approach, exemplified by the El Algarrobo water-mining project in Piura. The strategy is simple: water first, mine later. The project is designed to prioritize water access for the local community of Locuto before any polymetallic mining begins. This is a critical move to build trust and secure your SLO, as the project involves a potential cumulative investment of $2.7 billion over 10 years of production. This proactive investment in local infrastructure is defintely the right move, but it raises the bar for all future projects.

• Prioritize water access for communities before exploration.
• Increase strategic social investments to $240 million per year.
• Ensure 64% of your total workforce consists of local employees.

Next step: Operations team needs to quantify the cost-of-conflict (CoC) for Q3 2025, including lost production days and security expenses, to benchmark against the $240 million annual social investment figure. Owner: Finance.

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN) - PESTLE Analysis: Technological factors

You're looking at the technological landscape for Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN), and the key takeaway is that the company's capital is shifting from pure exploration to operational efficiency and regulatory streamlining. This is a crucial pivot for a mature miner. The near-term opportunity lies in leveraging existing investments to cut costs, while the long-term risk is falling behind the industry-wide adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT).

BVN invested $42.3 million in advanced technological exploration in 2023.

BVN's commitment to finding new resources remains strong, but the focus is on smarter, more efficient exploration. The company invested $42.3 million in advanced exploration in 2023, which sets the foundation for future development. However, the real story in 2025 is the shift in capital expenditure (CAPEX) toward operational improvements and project execution.

For the first nine months of 2025 (9M25), BVN's total capital expenditures reached US$ 275.9 million. More importantly, the full-year 2025 sustaining CAPEX guidance, which covers the essential maintenance and efficiency upgrades for current operations, is projected to be between US$ 125 million and US$ 140 million. That money is going directly into making existing mines run better.

Industry-wide push for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) for predictive maintenance.

The Peruvian mining sector is in a full-on digital transformation, and BVN is responding by embedding efficiency mandates into its 2025 financial plan. The industry is seeing a major push for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to move from reactive maintenance-fixing things after they break-to predictive maintenance (PdM).

This shift is not theoretical; it's a direct financial opportunity. Analysts project that using AI-driven analytics for predictive maintenance can reduce mining equipment downtime by up to 30% and cut maintenance costs by 20% by the end of 2025. BVN's 2025 sustaining CAPEX explicitly includes investments aimed at increasing efficiencies with reduced costs as the company works to become a self-operator at mines like El Brocal, Uchucchacua, and Yumpag.

• Action: Use IoT sensors to monitor crushers and conveyors in real-time.
• Benefit: Anticipate failures before they occur.
• Result: Target a 30% reduction in unscheduled downtime.

Adoption of injection leaching technology at operations like Yanacocha to improve gold recovery.

While Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. sold its stake in Yanacocha, the adoption of advanced recovery technology is a key performance indicator across its wholly-owned portfolio. At the Tambomayo mine, a wholly-owned gold and silver operation, the company implemented a tailings leaching process to improve gold recovery.

This is smart, incremental technology. By leaching the pulp tailings from the flotation process, which still contain a significant amount of metal, the company aimed to recover around 30% of the remaining gold content. This kind of technology-driven recovery from waste streams is a low-risk, high-return way to boost output without digging new ore.

Here's the quick math on recovery technology:

Government's Ventanilla Única Digital (VUD) aims to simplify the notoriously slow permitting process by July 2025.

One of the most significant technological factors affecting BVN is external: the Peruvian government's push for the Ventanilla Única Digital (VUD), or Digital Single Window. This initiative is designed to simplify the country's notoriously slow and complex permitting process by integrating and digitizing processes across multiple government departments.

The VUD is a game-changer if it works as intended. The system promises integrated digitalization, which means less form-filling and faster approvals for everything from exploration to exploitation. The VUD is expected to be fully implemented by July 2025. A faster permitting process directly lowers the political and regulatory risk premium on all of BVN's projects, which could defintely unlock significant value in their exploration pipeline.

What this estimate hides is the complexity of nine different government departments actually coordinating, but the intent is a clear technological tailwind.

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN) - PESTLE Analysis: Legal factors

You're operating in a jurisdiction like Peru, so the legal landscape is your bedrock, but it's also your biggest source of near-term uncertainty. The core takeaway for Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN) is that the government is simultaneously trying to streamline permitting and increase tax revenue, while political pressure threatens to dramatically shorten the lifespan of your core asset-the mining concession itself. That's a tough knot to untangle.

Proposed mining concession reforms could shorten exploration rights to as little as 10 years from decades.

The most immediate and material legal risk for a company like Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. is the legislative debate in the Peruvian Congress as of late 2025. Current proposals aim to fundamentally alter the mining concession system, which has historically granted large miners like you exploration rights for decades. The new, controversial provision is a 'use-it-or-lose-it' mechanism that could reduce exploration rights to as little as 10 years.

This is a huge threat to long-term project planning. Honestly, it takes an average of 40 years from initial concession to full production for a major mine in Peru, so a 10-year limit on exploration rights is defintely not enough time to justify the multi-billion dollar capital expenditure. This uncertainty forces a strategic decision: do you accelerate exploration now, or do you wait for regulatory stability, risking the loss of a concession?

Corporate Income Tax (CIT) rate is 29.5%, plus a mining royalty rate of 8.4%.

The fiscal regime is complex, but the numbers are clear. The standard Corporate Income Tax (CIT) rate for resident companies like Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. is 29.5% on worldwide net income for the 2025 fiscal year. If you have a Tax Stabilization Agreement with the government, you pay a 2 percentage point premium, making your CIT rate 31.5%, but you get long-term tax certainty.

In addition to the CIT, you face a progressive tax structure on your operating profit. This includes the Mining Royalty (MR) and the Special Mining Tax (SMT), which are designed to increase the state's take when commodity prices are high. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (9M25), Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. recorded a total of US$19.39 million in Mining Royalties and Special Mining Tax. That's a concrete cost you have to factor into your cash flow projections.

Here's the quick math on the non-CIT mining taxes:

• Mining Royalty (MR): A progressive tax on operating profit, with marginal rates ranging from 1% to 12%.
• Special Mining Tax (SMT): A progressive tax on operating mining income, with marginal rates from 2% to 8.4%.

Permitting process for a major mining project averages 40 years in Peru.

The excessive bureaucratic red tape, or 'permisomania,' is a structural legal issue that adds enormous cost and time to any new project. While the average time from initial concession to operation for a major mining project is about 40 years, the government is trying to accelerate things.

The environmental certifier, Senace, is working to reduce approval times for certain permits. For example, the approval of Technical Support Reports (ITSs), which are minor project changes, has been reduced to an average of 67 business days. They also hope to cut the average time for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) to 120 business days. Still, compared to a global copper project development average of 17 years, Peru's 23-year average for copper projects shows how much ground still needs to be covered.

Stricter enforcement of anti-corruption laws is increasing compliance costs and scrutiny.

Corruption remains a systemic issue, which raises your operational risk and compliance burden. Transparency International ranked Peru 127th out of 180 countries in its 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index. The good news is that the legal framework is tightening up.

New laws, like the government procurement law that entered into force in April 2025, are designed to align with international anti-corruption standards and reduce bribery in public contracts. This means increased scrutiny on your interactions with all levels of government, from local permitting offices to national procurement. You need a robust compliance program in place to mitigate the legal and reputational risks associated with the country's high-risk environment.

Here is a summary of the core legal costs and risks:

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (BVN) - PESTLE Analysis: Environmental factors

Global ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) scrutiny is increasing, especially from EU regulations.

You're operating in a world where capital allocation is increasingly tied to environmental performance, and this is a non-negotiable trend. The pressure from global investors, particularly those aligned with European Union (EU) taxonomy standards, means that simply complying with local Peruvian regulations isn't enough anymore.

Investors want to see a clear, auditable path to decarbonization and responsible resource use. Your inclusion in indices like the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) is a good start, but the market is quickly moving toward mandatory, detailed reporting on environmental outcomes, not just policies. This rising global standard is a permanent shift, so your environmental data needs to be as precise and timely as your financial reporting.

Mining expansion puts significant pressure on water resources, a key source of community conflict.

Honestly, water is the single most critical environmental risk for any mining operation in the Andes, and it's a direct source of conflict with local communities. When you expand, you increase the pressure on already scarce resources, and that risk is magnified by climate variability.

Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. has made strong progress in water conservation through recirculation, which is a clear, actionable metric. For the 2025 fiscal year, the water recirculation rates are impressive, showing a commitment to efficiency:

• Open Pit Operations: Water recirculation rate of 99%.
• Underground Operations: Water recirculation rate of 88%.

Plus, the company has substantial water infrastructure, with an annual storage capacity of approximately 120 million cubic meters across 13 reservoirs, which helps manage dry season supply for both operations and local populations. Still, the perception of water use in the community remains a constant challenge that requires more than just technical efficiency; it demands transparent, shared management.

BVN is focused on reducing GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions and improving water management.

Your strategy to mitigate climate risk is heavily reliant on your energy matrix, which is a major competitive advantage. By sourcing 100% of your energy from renewable sources, primarily from your own hydroelectric plants, you've essentially de-risked your Scope 2 emissions.

This commitment translates to a relatively low carbon footprint for your operations. For the 2025 fiscal year, your total reported Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions stand at approximately 89,000 TM (CO2Eq), which is stated to be below the industry average. Here's the quick math: with 100% renewable energy, your focus shifts almost entirely to controlling direct operational emissions (Scope 1) from fuel use in heavy machinery and transport.

Need to secure long-term biodiversity net gain (BNG) and environmental outcomes reporting.

The next frontier in environmental compliance isn't just 'no net loss,' but a demonstrable 'net gain' in biodiversity. While the strict legal framework for Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) is currently most advanced in places like the UK, the expectation for large, global miners to secure a long-term, verifiable 10% biodiversity uplift is rapidly becoming a global best practice.

For Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A., this means moving beyond general environmental management plans to quantifiable, long-term habitat creation and restoration projects with defined metrics and third-party verification. You need to treat biodiversity as a measurable asset. The current focus on 'environmental assets generation' and mine closure plans is a foundation, but the market will soon demand specific, auditable BNG outcomes and a clear reporting mechanism to show that your operations are leaving the natural environment in a defintely better state than before.