Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) Business Model Canvas

Costco Wholesale Corporation (Cost): Business Model Canvas [Jan-2025 Mis à jour]

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Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) Business Model Canvas

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Plongez dans le modèle commercial ingénieux qui propulse Costco Wholesale Corporation, une puissance de vente au détail transformant comment des millions de consommateurs achètent des marchandises en vrac. Avec une approche unique qui mélange l'exclusivité des membres, l'efficacité opérationnelle de rasoir et les propositions de valeur imbattables, Costco a révolutionné le paysage de vente au détail en gros. En fabriquant méticuleusement un modèle d'entreprise qui privilégie les économies des membres, les produits de haute qualité et les partenariats stratégiques, ce géant de la vente au détail n'a pas seulement survécu, mais a prospéré dans un marché de plus en plus concurrentiel, générant 226 milliards de dollars dans les revenus annuels et la capture de la fidélité des millions de consommateurs soucieux du budget du monde entier.


Costco Wholesale Corporation (Cost) - Modèle d'entreprise: partenariats clés

Fabricants de produits signature de Kirkland

Costco collabore avec plus de 500 fabricants pour produire des produits de marque privée Kirkland Signature. En 2023, Kirkland Signature représente environ 30% du volume total des ventes de Costco.

Catégorie Nombre de fabricants Volume de production annuel
Produits alimentaires 187 4,2 milliards de dollars
Articles ménagers 126 2,7 milliards de dollars
Vêtements 93 1,5 milliard de dollars

Sociétés d'expédition et de logistique

Costco s'associe aux principaux fournisseurs d'expédition pour optimiser sa chaîne d'approvisionnement.

  • FedEx: volume d'expédition annuel de 12,4 millions de colis
  • UPS: volume d'expédition annuel de 9,7 millions de colis
  • DHL: Partenariats internationaux d'expédition d'une valeur de 380 millions de dollars

Sociétés de cartes de crédit

Costco maintient des partenariats financiers stratégiques avec les fournisseurs de cartes de crédit.

Partenaire Volume de transaction Durée du partenariat
Visa 47,2 milliards de dollars Exclusif depuis 2016
Citi 23,6 milliards de dollars Carte de crédit co-marquée depuis 2016

Partenaires internationaux de gros et de vente au détail

Costco fonctionne sur plusieurs marchés internationaux grâce à des partenariats stratégiques.

  • Canada: 106 entrepôts, 25,4 milliards de dollars de revenus
  • Mexique: 41 entrepôts, 8,2 milliards de dollars de revenus
  • Japon: 31 entrepôts, 6,7 milliards de dollars de revenus
  • Corée du Sud: 16 entrepôts, 4,3 milliards de dollars de revenus

Provideurs de solutions de technologie et de logiciels

Costco investit dans des partenariats technologiques avancés pour améliorer l'efficacité opérationnelle.

Partenaire technologique Investissement annuel Fonction primaire
Oracle 42 millions de dollars Planification des ressources d'entreprise
SÈVE 35 millions de dollars Gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement
Microsoft 28 millions de dollars Services de cloud computing

Costco Wholesale Corporation (Cost) - Modèle d'entreprise: activités clés

Achats en vrac et gestion des stocks

Costco gère un inventaire approfondi avec 4 123 SKU dans un entrepôt moyen en 2023. La société achète environ 195 milliards de dollars de marchandises par an. Le taux de rotation des stocks est d'environ 11,7 fois par an.

Métrique Valeur
Achats annuels de marchandises 195 milliards de dollars
SKUS ENTREPRISEMENTS moyens 4,123
Taux de rotation des stocks 11.7x

Opérations du programme d'adhésion

Costco exploite un modèle commercial basé sur les membres avec 123,8 millions de titulaires de carte en 2023. Les taux de renouvellement des membres dépassent 90%. Les frais d'adhésion annuels génèrent environ 4,3 milliards de dollars de revenus.

  • Total des titulaires de carte: 123,8 millions
  • Taux de renouvellement des membres: 90% +
  • Revenus de membres annuels: 4,3 milliards de dollars

Source des marchandises en gros

Costco s'approche des marchandises d'environ 1 600 fournisseurs dans le monde. La société entretient des relations directes avec les fabricants pour assurer des prix compétitifs et un contrôle de la qualité.

Métrique de l'approvisionnement Valeur
Fournisseurs mondiaux 1,600+
Marques de marques privées Signature de Kirkland

Opérations et expansion des magasins de détail

En 2023, Costco exploite 848 entrepôts dans le monde, avec 584 emplacements aux États-Unis et au Canada. Les entrepôts internationaux comprennent 106 au Mexique, 40 au Japon et 118 dans d'autres pays.

  • Total des entrepôts: 848
  • Entrepôts américains et canadiens: 584
  • Entrepôts du Mexique: 106
  • Entrepôts du Japon: 40
  • Autres entrepôts internationaux: 118

Développement de la plate-forme de commerce électronique

La plate-forme de commerce électronique de Costco a généré 27,5 milliards de dollars de ventes en ligne en 2023, ce qui représente 9,7% du total des revenus de l'entreprise. L'entreprise propose des achats en ligne dans plusieurs pays avec des options de livraison rapides.

Métrique du commerce électronique Valeur
Ventes en ligne 27,5 milliards de dollars
Pourcentage du total des revenus 9.7%

Costco Wholesale Corporation (Cost) - Modèle d'entreprise: Ressources clés

Réseau mondial de la chaîne d'approvisionnement mondiale

En 2024, Costco exploite 848 entrepôts dans le monde, avec 574 emplacements aux États-Unis et à Porto Rico, 107 au Canada, 40 au Mexique, 31 au Japon, 29 en Corée du Sud, 17 au Royaume-Uni, 14 à Taïwan, 13 à 13 ans Australie, 13 en Espagne et plus petit nombre dans d'autres pays.

Région Nombre d'entrepôts
États-Unis et Porto Rico 574
Canada 107
Mexique 40
Japon 31

Base de données des membres de clients fidèles

Depuis 2023, Costco a rapporté:

  • Total des membres: 124,7 millions
  • Taux de renouvellement des membres: 90,4% aux États-Unis et au Canada
  • Adhésion à Gold Star: 60 $ par an
  • Adhésion à l'exécutif: 120 $ par an

Solide réputation de la marque pour les prix de la valeur

Mesures financières démontrant la stratégie de tarification de la valeur:

  • Ventes nettes en 2023: 242,3 milliards de dollars
  • Revenus de frais d'adhésion: 4,5 milliards de dollars
  • Marge brute: 10,4%

Entrepôts et centres de distribution à grande échelle

Détails de l'infrastructure de l'entrepôt et de la distribution:

Métrique Valeur
Taille de l'entrepôt moyen 146 000 pieds carrés
Centres de distribution 13 aux États-Unis
Total entrepôt en pieds carrés Environ 124 millions de pieds carrés

Label privé de signature de Kirkland propriétaire

Performance du produit signature de Kirkland:

  • Représente environ 20% des ventes totales de Costco
  • Revenus annuels estimés: 48,5 milliards de dollars
  • Catégories de produits: nourriture, articles ménagers, vêtements, électronique

Costco Wholesale Corporation (Cost) - Modèle d'entreprise: propositions de valeur

Marchandise en vrac à faible coût et de haute qualité

Économies moyennes sur les articles en vrac: 30 à 50% par rapport à la vente au détail traditionnelle

Ventes annuelles de marchandises (2023) 242,3 milliards de dollars
Marquage moyen sur les produits 10-15%
Total des patientes transportées 4 000 à 4 500 articles

Économies de prix importantes pour les membres

Structure de tarification de l'adhésion:

  • Adhésion à Gold Star: 60 $ / an
  • Adhésion à l'exécutif: 120 $ / an avec 2% de cashback
Base d'adhésion totale (2023) 123,8 millions de membres
Taux de renouvellement des membres 90.4%

Variété de produits larges dans plusieurs catégories

Répartition de la catégorie des produits:

  • Nourriture et aboutissants: 34%
  • Hardlines: 15%
  • Lignes souples: 12%
  • Aliments frais: 11%
  • Accessoire et autre: 28%

Produits de marque privée de haute qualité

Détails de la marque Kirkland Signature:

Ventes de signature de Kirkland (2023) 52 milliards de dollars
Pourcentage des ventes totales ~28%

Expérience d'achat cohérente et fiable

Total des entrepôts (2023) 848 emplacements dans le monde
Pays d'opération 12 pays
Taille moyenne du magasin 146 000 pieds carrés

Costco Wholesale Corporation (Cost) - Modèle d'entreprise: relations avec les clients

Programme de fidélité basé sur l'adhésion

Depuis 2024, Costco maintient deux niveaux d'adhésion primaires:

Type d'adhésion Frais annuels Total des membres
Appartenance à Gold Star $60 63,4 millions
Adhésion exécutive $120 29,3 millions

Incitations de renouvellement à faible coût

Costco offre des incitations de renouvellement à travers:

  • 2% de cashback sur les achats pour les membres de l'exécutif (jusqu'à 1 000 $ par an)
  • Taux de renouvellement de 90,5% dans le monde entier
  • Revenus de frais d'adhésion de 4,33 milliards de dollars au cours de l'exercice 2023

Service client cohérent

Métrique de service Performance
Score de satisfaction du client 86/100
Temps d'attente moyen Moins de 5 minutes
Satisfaction politique de retour 98.5%

Échantillonnage de produits en magasin

Statistiques d'échantillonnage clés:

  • Environ 500 échantillons de produits offerts chaque semaine par magasin
  • Estimé 2,5 millions d'échantillons distribués quotidiennement dans tous les emplacements
  • Augmentation moyenne des ventes de produits échantillonnées: 15-20%

Plates-formes d'engagement numériques et physiques

Plate-forme Engagement des utilisateurs
Costco.com 47,3 millions de visiteurs mensuels uniques
Application mobile Costco 22,6 millions d'utilisateurs actifs
E-mail marketing 38,7 millions d'abonnés

Costco Wholesale Corporation (Cost) - Modèle d'entreprise: canaux

Emplacements de vente au détail dans les entrepôts physiques

En janvier 2024, Costco exploite 851 emplacements d'entrepôt dans le monde:

Région Nombre d'entrepôts
États-Unis 593
Canada 107
Mexique 41
Marchés internationaux 110

Site Web de commerce électronique

Costco.com a généré 26,1 milliards de dollars de ventes en ligne au cours de l'exercice 2023, ce qui représente 13,7% du total des ventes nettes.

Application de magasinage mobile

  • Téléchargements des applications mobiles: 22,3 millions au quatrième trimestre 2023
  • Utilisateurs mobiles actifs: 15,7 millions par mois
  • Taux de transaction d'application mobile: 37% des achats en ligne

Centres de service à la clientèle

Costco maintient Centres de support client 24/7 avec:

  • Prise en charge du téléphone en 5 langues
  • Temps de réponse de la support par e-mail: moyenne 24 heures
  • Disponibilité du support de chat en direct: 16 heures par jour

Plates-formes d'inscription d'adhésion

Type d'adhésion Frais annuels Total des membres (Q4 2023)
Étoile d'or $60 33,7 millions
Exécutif $120 22,5 millions
Adhésions totales - 56,2 millions

Costco Wholesale Corporation (Cost) - Modèle d'entreprise: segments de clientèle

Familles du milieu à la classe moyenne supérieure

En 2024, Costco dessert environ 126,4 millions de titulaires de carte dans le monde. Revenu moyen des ménages des membres Costco: 93 000 $ par an.

Segment démographique Pourcentage d'adhésion Dépenses annuelles moyennes
Familles du milieu à la classe moyenne supérieure 52% 3 700 $ par an

Propriétaires de petites entreprises

Les membres de l'entreprise Costco représentent 13% du total des membres, représentant environ 16,4 millions de membres d'entreprise.

  • Dépenses annuelles des membres de l'entreprise: 6 200 $
  • Industries primaires: restaurants, bureaux, vente au détail, hospitalité

Consommateurs soucieux du budget

Costco attire les consommateurs sensibles aux prix avec une base d'adhésion de 63,4 millions de membres de Gold Star.

Type de consommateur Économies annuelles moyennes Pourcentage de membres
Consommateurs soucieux du budget $1,000-$1,500 47%

Acheteurs d'entreprises et institutionnels

Le segment des achats d'entreprise représente 8% des membres de Costco, les ventes annuelles d'entreprise aux entreprises atteignant 24,7 milliards de dollars en 2023.

  • Acheteurs institutionnels clés: soins de santé, éducation, agences gouvernementales
  • Volume d'achat institutionnel moyen: 350 000 $ par an

Consommateurs de produits en vrac

Le segment des achats en vrac représente 68% de la clientèle de base de Costco.

Catégorie de produits en vrac Volume des ventes annuelles Préférence des consommateurs
Épicerie et articles ménagers 61,2 milliards de dollars 42%
Électronique et appareils 18,5 milliards de dollars 22%

Costco Wholesale Corporation (coût) - Modèle d'entreprise: Structure des coûts

Achat d'inventaire en vrac

Au cours de l'exercice 2023, les stocks totaux de marchandises de Costco étaient de 33,9 milliards de dollars. La société achète directement de grandes quantités auprès des fabricants, négociant des prix à 300 à 500 millions de dollars par contrat de fournisseur.

Catégorie d'inventaire Dépenses annuelles
Nourriture et écran 12,4 milliards de dollars
Lignes de rides 7,6 milliards de dollars
Lignes souples 5,3 milliards de dollars
Aliments frais 4,8 milliards de dollars

Stratégie de vente à faible mors

Costco maintient une marge brute moyenne de 11,4% par rapport aux 25 à 35% des détaillants traditionnels. Le chiffre d'affaires annuel de la société en 2023 était de 242,3 milliards de dollars.

  • Marquage moyen sur les produits: 14-15%
  • Les frais d'adhésion contribuent à 4,3 milliards de dollars par an

Dépenses de marketing minimales

Costco dépense approximativement 0.4% des revenus sur le marketing, ce qui est nettement inférieur à la moyenne de l'industrie du commerce de détail de 3 à 5%.

Dépenses de marketing Montant
Dépenses marketing totales 968 millions de dollars (2023)
Marketing en% des revenus 0.4%

Opérations d'entrepôt efficaces

Costco exploite 848 entrepôts à l'échelle mondiale avec un coût opérationnel moyen de 15,2 millions de dollars par entrepôt.

  • Taille moyenne de l'entrepôt: 146 000 pieds carrés
  • Coût de construction de l'entrepôt moyen: 22,3 millions de dollars
  • Dépenses d'exploitation des entrepôts annuels: 12,9 milliards de dollars

Investissements technologiques et infrastructures

En 2023, Costco a investi 1,6 milliard de dollars dans les mises à niveau technologiques et d'infrastructures.

Catégorie d'investissement technologique Dépenses
Plate-forme de commerce électronique 687 millions de dollars
Technologie de l'entrepôt 453 millions de dollars
Optimisation de la chaîne d'approvisionnement 460 millions de dollars

Costco Wholesale Corporation (Cost) - Modèle d'entreprise: Strots de revenus

Frais d'adhésion annuels

Depuis l'exercice 2023, Costco a déclaré des revenus de frais d'adhésion de 4,34 milliards de dollars. La structure des frais d'adhésion comprend:

Type d'adhésion Frais annuels
Appartenance à Gold Star $60
Adhésion exécutive $120

Ventes de marchandises

Les ventes nettes totales pour l'exercice 2023 ont atteint 242,3 milliards de dollars. Répartition des ventes de marchandises:

  • Ventes de marchandises par catégorie:
    Catégorie Pourcentage de ventes
    Articles divers 22%
    Lignes de rides 19%
    Nourriture 17%
    Lignes souples 12%
    Nourriture fraîche 11%

Ventes de produits signature de Kirkland

Les ventes de marques privées signature de Kirkland représentaient approximativement 30% des ventes totales de marchandises de Costco Au cours de l'exercice 2023.

Services auxiliaires

Strots de revenus supplémentaires des services:

Service Revenus annuels estimés
Services optiques 500 millions de dollars
Services de pharmacie 750 millions de dollars
Stations-service 1,2 milliard de dollars

Ventes de produits en ligne et en magasin

Les ventes de commerce électronique pour l'exercice 2023 étaient 33,6 milliards de dollars, représentant 13,9% du total des ventes nettes.

  • Taux de croissance des ventes en ligne: 4,1%
  • Ventes en magasin: 208,7 milliards de dollars

Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) - Canvas Business Model: Value Propositions

Costco Wholesale Corporation delivers value through a disciplined, high-volume, low-margin strategy anchored by its membership model. This approach translates directly into tangible savings and exclusive benefits for members.

High-quality, brand-name, and private-label goods at ultra-low prices

  • Kirkland Signature products typically offer members 20% to 30% value compared to national brand alternatives of equal quality.
  • Kirkland Signature generated approximately $86 billion in annual sales, accounting for about one-third of the company's total revenue in 2025.
  • The company stocks a limited assortment, focusing on approximately 4,000 SKUs globally.

Low product markups, capped at approximately 14% over cost

Costco Wholesale Corporation enforces strict internal limits on how much it marks up merchandise over cost. This is a core differentiator from traditional retail models.

Product Type Maximum Markup Cap Over Cost
Third-Party Brand-Name Products 14%
Kirkland Signature Private-Label Products 15%

For comparison, even discount retailers like Walmart commonly mark up items by 25%, while department stores often use a 100% markup.

Exclusive access to a curated selection and treasure-hunt shopping experience

The limited selection drives volume on key items, which supports the low-markup strategy and creates the sought-after 'treasure-hunt' feel. The focus on high-volume items means that Kirkland Signature products can account for a significant portion of sales in specific categories; for instance, one 2025 study estimated 32% of sales across 10 major categories came from Kirkland products.

Convenience of bulk purchasing and ancillary services (gas, pharmacy)

Ancillary businesses provide added convenience and drive traffic, complementing the core merchandise offering. In fiscal year 2025, sales in warehouse ancillary and other businesses increased by $1,201 million, representing a 2% increase.

  • Executive Members earn a 2% reward on qualified purchases, generally up to a maximum reward of $1,250 per year.
  • Select locations began offering exclusive 9 a.m. shopping hours for Executive Members starting in June 2025.

High member value, evidenced by a 92.3% U.S./Canada renewal rate

Membership fees are the primary driver of net operating income, making retention paramount. The high renewal rate confirms members perceive the value proposition outweighs the annual fee.

Metric Rate / Amount (Late 2025)
U.S. and Canada Membership Renewal Rate 92.3%
Worldwide Membership Renewal Rate 89.8%
Total Paid Members (Q4 2025) 81 million
Executive Members (Q4 2025) 38.7 million
Membership Fee Revenue (FY 2025) $5.32 billion

The Executive tier, which carries a higher fee, saw its penetration grow to nearly 47.7% of total paid members in Q4 2025.

Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Relationships

You're looking at the core engine of Costco Wholesale Corporation's value proposition, which is entirely built around its membership structure. Honestly, the relationship isn't transactional; it's a long-term commitment that drives nearly all the company's operating profit.

Membership-based exclusivity and loyalty program

Costco Wholesale Corporation maintains exceptional customer stickiness through its paid membership tiers. As of the end of fiscal 2025, the company served approximately 81 million paid members globally. This base demonstrates remarkable loyalty, evidenced by the worldwide renewal rate holding steady at 89.8%, while the rate in the United States and Canada was even stronger at 92.3%. The company operates 914 warehouses worldwide as of August 31, 2025, with the US segment accounting for about 73% of total revenue.

The relationship is segmented to encourage higher spending and commitment, which you can see clearly in the tier structure:

  • Gold Star and Business Membership annual fee: $65.
  • Executive Membership annual fee: $130 as of August 2025.
  • Total Executive Members as of fiscal 2025 year-end: 38.7 million.

The focus on the higher tier is clear: Executive members accounted for nearly 47.7% of total paid members but drove 74.2% of worldwide sales in fiscal 2025. That's a massive concentration of spending power in the top tier.

Executive Membership with a 2% annual reward check

The primary draw for the Executive tier is the 2% annual reward on qualified purchases. This benefit is designed to incentivize spending that easily offsets the higher fee. For instance, it takes about $3,250 in annual spending to recoup the $65 upgrade cost from a Gold Star membership. The reward structure was recently enhanced:

Metric Value for Fiscal 2025 Data
Executive Membership Annual Fee $130
2% Reward Earning Rate 2% on pre-tax qualified purchases
Maximum Annual Reward Cap $1,250
Executive Member Share of Worldwide Net Sales Approximately 73.6% to 74.2%

The maximum reward cap was increased from $1,000 to $1,250 in September 2024, which came alongside a 5% increase in all membership fees. The company is actively using these benefits to drive upgrades; membership fee income rose 14% year-over-year in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, reaching $1,724 million.

High-touch service for ancillary businesses (optical, travel)

While the core relationship is self-service in the warehouse, Costco Wholesale Corporation layers on high-value, service-oriented perks to reinforce the Executive relationship. These services are often integrated into the 2% reward calculation for qualifying purchases. To further incentivize the top-tier members, new benefits were rolled out, which you can see as targeted relationship builders:

  • A $10 monthly credit on eligible online orders over $150, which applies to Costco's digital channels, including Costco Travel bookings.
  • Exclusive early shopping hours, starting at 9 a.m. on weekdays and Sundays, effective September 1, 2025.

These service enhancements are aimed at the highest-spending cohort, who are already spending 3 times more on average than a basic member.

Automated self-service via e-commerce and mobile app

The relationship extends beyond the physical warehouse through digital channels, which are critical for younger members who now make up nearly half of new sign-ups. Costco Wholesale Corporation is successfully blending its bulk model with digital convenience. Digitally-enabled sales, which include Costco Travel, represented about 10% of total net sales in 2025. The e-commerce segment showed strong momentum, with online sales growing 13.6% in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025. The company is actively promoting auto-renewal features and enhancing targeted digital communication to improve retention, especially among newer, digitally-acquired members.

Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) - Canvas Business Model: Channels

You're looking at how Costco Wholesale Corporation gets its value proposition into the hands of its members, and honestly, it's a masterclass in omnichannel presence, heavily weighted toward the physical experience.

The primary channel remains the physical warehouse clubs. By the end of Fiscal Year 2025, Costco Wholesale Corporation operated a total of 914 warehouses globally, a testament to its sustained, deliberate expansion strategy. These locations are the core touchpoint, designed with a simple loop corridor from entrance to checkout, often built on tight schedules, sometimes within 110 days. The distribution of these clubs shows where the bulk of the business lies, but also where growth is targeted.

Here's the quick math on the physical footprint as of the end of FY2025:

Region Number of Warehouses (End of FY2025)
United States and Puerto Rico 629
Canada 110
Mexico 42
Japan 37
United Kingdom 29
Korea 20
Australia 15
Taiwan 14
China 7
Spain 5
France 2
Sweden 2
Iceland and New Zealand (Combined) 2
Total Global Locations 914

To be fair, as of October 2025, the total count was reported slightly higher at 918 warehouses worldwide.

The e-commerce platform is the critical digital extension, and it's growing fast. For the full fiscal year 2025, Costco e-commerce sales grew by 15.6% year-over-year. This digital channel is significant, with sales topping $19.6 billion for FY 2025. Furthermore, when you look at digitally enabled sales, which include third-party delivery services, that figure surpassed $27 billion for FY 2025.

Costco Wholesale Corporation also drives traffic and loyalty through its ancillary services integrated into the warehouse locations. These services are not just conveniences; they are revenue drivers and membership retention tools. For instance, the company extended the hours of its North American gas stations, which helped drive two of the all-time highest gallon weeks in the U.S. in April 2025. The food court remains a powerful draw; in fiscal 2025, the company sold more than 345 million of its iconic $1.50 hot dog combos. Furthermore, ancillary businesses like the pharmacy, optical, and hearing aids all posted strong quarters in FY2025.

The mobile app serves as the digital bridge for the physical experience. It helps members plan their trips and access their membership credentials digitally. A concrete measure of its utility is seen in the usage of its warehouse tool: the feature allowing members to view local warehouse item availability and prices saw more than 43 million visits in Q2 2025 alone.

You can see the multi-pronged approach in action:

  • Physical footprint reaching 914 locations by fiscal year-end 2025.
  • E-commerce sales growth of 15.6% for the full FY2025.
  • E-commerce revenue exceeding $19.6 billion in FY2025.
  • Gas stations driving record fuel sales volume in Q2 2025.
  • Selling over 345 million hot dog combos in FY2025.
  • Mobile app feature receiving over 43 million visits in Q2 2025.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) - Canvas Business Model: Customer Segments

Costco Wholesale Corporation serves a broad base, segmented primarily by membership type and geographic location, all unified by a pursuit of value in bulk purchasing.

Value-conscious individual consumers and households form the core of the base, subscribing to the Gold Star or Executive tiers to access low-unit pricing on a limited selection of goods. The overall base is substantial, with paid memberships reaching 81 million as of the end of the quarter in late 2025. This segment is highly loyal, evidenced by the U.S. and Canada renewal rate holding at 92.3%.

The Executive Membership tier, which appeals to those who spend more and seek premium perks, is a significant driver of revenue. Executive members grew to 38.7 million in the quarter, representing nearly 47.7% of total paid members. This smaller group generates a disproportionately large share of revenue, accounting for 74.2% of global sales in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025.

Here are the key membership statistics as of late 2025:

Metric Value Source Context
Total Paid Members (Quarter End) 81 million Q4 2025 Figure
Executive Members (Quarter End) 38.7 million Q4 2025 Figure
Executive Member Sales Contribution 74.2% Worldwide Net Sales Q4 2025
US/Canada Renewal Rate 92.3% Late 2025 Figure
Worldwide Renewal Rate 89.8% Late 2025 Figure
Gold Star/Business Annual Fee $65 2025 Annual Fee
Executive Annual Fee $130 2025 Annual Fee

Small to medium-sized business owners (Business Memberships) are targeted through the Business Membership tier, which shares the standard annual fee of $65, similar to the Gold Star tier. This segment is specifically catered to with the ability to purchase items for resale, differentiating it from the personal Gold Star membership.

The affluent, educated households who travel and seek quality are strongly represented by the Executive Member segment, which receives a 2% annual reward on qualified purchases, capped at $1,250. This group also receives exclusive discounts on services like travel. Costco Travel, a subsidiary, is a key offering for this segment, with digitally-enabled sales, including travel, representing about 10% of total net sales in fiscal 2025. Furthermore, Executive members gained early warehouse access starting at 9 a.m. from June 30, 2025.

Global consumers in 16 countries outside the US are served through Costco's international operations. As of August 31, 2025, Costco operated 914 warehouses globally, with 24 net new warehouses opened in fiscal 2025. The international footprint includes operations in the U.K., Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Australia, Mexico, China, Spain, France, Sweden, Iceland, and New Zealand, in addition to the U.S. and Canada. Revenue from these international markets was substantial in fiscal 2025:

  • Other International Operations revenue: $38.26B
  • Canada revenue: $36.92B

The International segment contributed significantly to the total fiscal 2025 net sales of approximately $269.9 billion.

Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) - Canvas Business Model: Cost Structure

Costco Wholesale Corporation operates on a decidedly cost-driven model, relentlessly pursuing extreme operational efficiency to deliver on its core value proposition. This focus means every dollar saved in operations is theoretically passed back to the member through lower prices. The entire structure is designed to support high volume over high margin, a strategy that requires disciplined cost control across the board.

The most significant cost component is the High Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), a direct result of the commitment to low product markups. Costco Wholesale Corporation intentionally keeps its merchandise markups razor-thin to drive volume and reinforce membership value. For fiscal year 2025, the company's philosophy held firm, with product markups generally capped at approximately 14-15% over cost, and Kirkland Signature private label items also capped around 15%.

Here's a look at the scale of sales versus the cost of the merchandise sold for the full fiscal year 2025:

Metric Amount (Millions USD) Percentage of Net Sales
Net Sales (FY 2025) 269,912 100.00%
Merchandise Costs (COGS) (FY 2025) 239,886 88.88%
Gross Profit (FY 2025) 30,026 11.12%

The resulting gross margin of 11.12% for fiscal year 2025 is thin, which is why operating efficiency in other areas is so critical. The overall operating profit margin for the full fiscal year 2025 settled at 3.77%.

Significant warehouse operating costs, wages, and utilities form the next major cost block, captured largely within Selling, General, and Administrative (SG&A) expenses. For the full fiscal year 2025, SG&A expenses totaled $24,966 million. This figure reflects substantial investment in human capital; Costco Wholesale Corporation employed 341,000 employees worldwide at the end of 2025 and had increased the starting wage to at least $20.00 per hour in the U.S. and Canada. The SG&A rate for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 rose to 9.16%, which management attributed to higher employee wage investments. The total operating expense (opex) for FY 2025 was reported as $24.97 Billion.

Costco Wholesale Corporation historically maintains minimal advertising and marketing spend, aligning with its philosophy that member savings should replace promotional spending. While the company has historically avoided major platform advertising, it is actively building out a retail media network, using member data to offer personalized advertising to partners. However, the stated purpose of this revenue is not to increase profit margins but to reinvest directly into member value, such as offsetting shipping costs or keeping staple item prices low.

The commitment to physical presence drives substantial capital expenditures for new warehouse openings. For the fiscal year ending August 2025, capital expenditures (CapEx) peaked at $5.498 billion. This investment supported the opening of 27 new warehouses in fiscal year 2025, resulting in 24 net new buildings, bringing the total global warehouse count to 914 as of August 31, 2025. The company projected CapEx between $6,000 to $6,500 million for the following fiscal year, 2026.

  • Total warehouses operated worldwide as of August 31, 2025: 914.
  • Net new warehouse openings in fiscal year 2025: 24.
  • Fiscal year 2025 Capital Expenditures (CapEx): $5.498 Billion.
  • Average warehouse space: Approximately 147,000 square feet.

Finance: draft 13-week cash view by Friday.

Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) - Canvas Business Model: Revenue Streams

The revenue structure for Costco Wholesale Corporation is fundamentally dual-pronged, balancing high-volume, low-margin product sales with high-margin, recurring membership fees. This combination provides both top-line scale and predictable profitability.

Merchandise sales remain the largest component by volume, accounting for approximately ~95% of net sales. This reflects the core business of moving massive quantities of goods at razor-thin margins, which is the primary driver of customer traffic and volume.

The second, and arguably most crucial, stream is the membership fees. This revenue is extremely high-margin and provides the necessary operating income cushion. For fiscal year 2025, membership fees contributed approximately 65% of the total operating income. This high contribution underscores the value of the recurring revenue base.

The financial scale of the merchandise side is evident in the top-line figures for the fiscal year ending August 31, 2025. Total net sales reached $269.9 billion for fiscal year 2025. This figure represents an 8.1% increase over the prior year.

The growth in the fee-based component was strong in FY2025. Membership fee revenue increased 10% in FY2025, reaching a total of $5.3 billion for the year. This growth was supported by a worldwide membership renewal rate hovering near 90.2% and an increase in total paid memberships to 81.0 million.

Beyond the two main pillars, Costco generates revenue from its ancillary service sales, which include gas, food court, pharmacy, and travel. For fiscal year 2025, the sales from warehouse ancillary and other businesses totaled $1,201 million.

Here is a breakdown of the primary revenue components for Costco Wholesale Corporation in fiscal year 2025:

Revenue Stream Component FY 2025 Financial Amount Context/Growth
Total Net Sales $269.9 billion 8.1% increase year-over-year
Merchandise Sales Share of Net Sales ~95% Implied by low gross margins
Membership Fee Revenue $5.3 billion 10% increase year-over-year
Ancillary Service Sales (Total) $1,201 million Represents approximately 2% of total revenue
Membership Fees Contribution to Operating Income 65% High-margin profit driver

The structure relies on the following specific revenue-generating activities:

  • Selling merchandise at high volume with low markups.
  • Collecting annual membership fees, with Executive members driving significant spend.
  • Generating revenue from high-traffic ancillary services like the food court and gas stations.
  • E-commerce sales, which grew by 15.6% for the year.

To be fair, you need to watch the relationship between the two main streams; the $5.3 billion in membership fees is what allows the company to keep merchandise margins so low, which in turn drives membership loyalty.

Finance: draft the 13-week cash flow view incorporating the $13.335 billion in net cash from operations by Friday.

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