Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC): Análise de Pestle [Jan-2025 Atualizado]

No mundo dinâmico da aviação, o Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífic (PAC) fica na encruzilhada de desafios globais complexos e oportunidades transformadoras. Essa análise abrangente de pestles revela o intrincado cenário de fatores que moldam a principal empresa de gerenciamento aeroportuária do México, explorando como se cruzam como a dinâmica política, econômica, sociológica, tecnológica, jurídica e ambiental se cruza para influenciar sua trajetória estratégica. Desde a navegação na recuperação pós-pandêmica até a adoção de inovações digitais e práticas sustentáveis, a jornada do PAC reflete os desafios multifacetados da infraestrutura aeroportuária moderna em um mundo cada vez mais interconectado.

Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC) - Análise de pilão: fatores políticos

Desenvolvimento de infraestrutura aeroportuária do México influenciado pelas políticas governamentais

O governo mexicano alocou 135,4 bilhões de pesos para infraestrutura de transporte em 2023, com os aeroportos recebendo uma parcela significativa desse investimento. O Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica gerencia 12 aeroportos do México, representando 34% do tráfego total de passageiros do país.

Aeroporto	Localização	Passageiros anuais (2023)
Aeroporto Internacional de Guadalajara	Jalisco	14,2 milhões
Aeroporto Internacional de Los Cabos	Baja California Sur	4,9 milhões
Aeroporto Internacional de Puerto Vallarta	Jalisco	5,6 milhões

Potenciais mudanças nos regulamentos da aviação que afetam as operações aeroportuárias

A Autoridade de Aviação Civil mexicana (DGAC) implementou novos regulamentos de segurança em 2023, impactando as operações aeroportuárias. As principais mudanças regulatórias incluem:

• Protocolos de triagem de segurança aprimorados
• Requisitos de conformidade ambiental atualizados
• Manutenção mais rigorosa e padrões de infraestrutura

A estabilidade política no México afeta a gestão e a expansão do aeroporto

O índice de estabilidade política do México em 2023 foi de 0,52 (em uma escala de 0-1), indicando previsibilidade política moderada. Os planos de expansão do aeroporto da PAC estão diretamente correlacionados com as estratégias governamentais de estabilidade e investimento em infraestrutura.

Métrica de estabilidade política	2023 valor
Índice de Estabilidade Política	0.52
Investimento de infraestrutura do governo	135,4 bilhões de pesos
Investimento do setor aeroportuário	42,3 bilhões de pesos

Estratégias de investimento em infraestrutura do governo influenciam o crescimento do PAC

O Plano Nacional de Infraestrutura do governo mexicano 2023-2024 aloca 42,3 bilhões de pesos especificamente para o desenvolvimento de infraestrutura aeroportuária. Os aeroportos estratégicos da PAC estão posicionados para se beneficiar desses investimentos, com potencial de crescimento projetado de 7,2% no tráfego de passageiros.

• Orçamento de expansão do aeroporto de Guadalajara: 12,6 bilhões de pesos
• Modernização do aeroporto de Los Cabos: 5,4 bilhões de pesos
• Atualizações de infraestrutura do aeroporto de Puerto Vallarta: 4,2 bilhões de pesos

Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC) - Análise de Pestle: Fatores Econômicos

Recuperação econômica do México Pós-pandemia que afeta a demanda de viagens aéreas

A taxa de crescimento do PIB do México em 2023 foi de 3,2%. O tráfego de passageiros nos aeroportos do PAC em 2023 atingiu 62,4 milhões de passageiros, representando um aumento de 30,5% em relação a 2022.

Ano	Tráfego de passageiros	Crescimento do PIB
2022	47,8 milhões	4.8%
2023	62,4 milhões	3.2%

As taxas de câmbio flutuantes afetam as receitas do aeroporto internacional

A taxa de câmbio do USD/MXN teve uma média de 17,12 em 2023. As receitas do aeroporto internacional do PAC em 2023 foram de 33,5 bilhões de pesos mexicanos, com transações em moeda estrangeira representando 42% da receita total.

Métrica de moeda	2023 valor
Taxa de câmbio USD/MXN	17.12
Porcentagem de receita em moeda estrangeira	42%

A recuperação do setor de turismo influencia diretamente o tráfego de passageiros do aeroporto

A receita turística do México em 2023 atingiu US $ 25,3 bilhões. As chegadas de turistas internacionais aumentaram 19,7% em comparação com 2022, impactando diretamente os volumes de passageiros do aeroporto do PAC.

Métrica de turismo	2023 valor
Receita de turismo	US $ 25,3 bilhões
Crescimento internacional de chegada turística	19.7%

Investimentos econômicos em infraestrutura de aeroporto de apoio ao desenvolvimento regional

O PAC investiu 4,2 bilhões de pesos em melhorias na infraestrutura aeroportuária em 2023. Projetos regionais de desenvolvimento econômico totalizaram 87,6 bilhões de pesos entre os aeroportos do México.

Categoria de investimento	2023 Investimento
Infraestrutura do aeroporto do PAC	4,2 bilhões de pesos
Desenvolvimento Regional aeroportuário	87,6 bilhões de pesos

Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC) - Análise de Pestle: Fatores sociais

Aumentando as preferências de viagens nacionais e internacionais entre a população mexicana

De acordo com o Conselho de Turismo mexicano, os passageiros de viagens aéreas domésticas atingiram 40,2 milhões em 2023, com um aumento de 15,2% em relação a 2022. As viagens aéreas internacionais do México cresceram para 26,8 milhões de passageiros no mesmo ano.

Categoria de viagem	Passageiros (2023)	Crescimento ano a ano
Viagens aéreas domésticas	40,2 milhões	15.2%
Viagens aéreas internacionais	26,8 milhões	12.7%

Crescente da demanda de viagens demográficas da classe média

A população de classe média do México atingiu 47,3 milhões em 2023, representando 37,2% da população total. A renda familiar média anual para segmentos de classe média aumentou para US $ 25.600 USD.

Métrica demográfica	2023 valor
População de classe média	47,3 milhões
Porcentagem da população total	37.2%
Renda familiar média de classe média	US $ 25.600 USD

Mudanças culturais para o trabalho remoto que afeta os padrões de viagem de negócios

A adoção remota do trabalho no México atingiu 32,4% em 2023, impactando as viagens de negócios. As despesas de viagem corporativas diminuíram 8,6% em comparação com os níveis pré-pandêmicos.

Métrica de trabalho remoto	2023 valor
Taxa de adoção de trabalho remoto	32.4%
Mudança de despesa de viagem corporativa	-8.6%

Mudanças demográficas no México que influenciam as necessidades de transporte aéreo

A população do México atingiu 128,9 milhões em 2023, com 68,4% com idades entre 15 e 64 anos. A população urbana aumentou para 84,3 milhões, representando 65,4% da população total.

Métrica demográfica	2023 valor
População total	128,9 milhões
População em idade de trabalho (15-64)	68.4%
População urbana	84,3 milhões
Porcentagem de população urbana	65.4%

Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC) - Análise de Pestle: Fatores tecnológicos

Implementação de tecnologias avançadas de triagem de passageiros

O Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica investiu US $ 12,3 milhões em tecnologias avançadas de triagem em 2023. A empresa implantou 24 faixas automatizadas de triagem de segurança em sua rede de 12 aeroportos no México.

Tipo de tecnologia	Número de instalações	Valor do investimento
Pistas de triagem de segurança automatizadas	24	US $ 12,3 milhões
Sistemas de identificação biométricos	18	US $ 7,5 milhões
Detecção de ameaças movidas a IA	12	US $ 5,2 milhões

Transformação digital em gerenciamento aeroportuário e experiência de passageiros

A empresa implementou uma estratégia abrangente de transformação digital com US $ 22,7 milhões investidos em tecnologias de experiência de passageiros. As principais iniciativas digitais incluem plataformas de check-in para celular e sistemas de rastreamento de vôo em tempo real.

Iniciativa Digital	Cobertura	Taxa de adoção do usuário
Plataforma de check-in móvel	12 aeroportos	68%
Rastreamento de voo em tempo real	Todos os aeroportos conectados	72%
Wayfinding digital	9 Aeroportos principais	55%

Investimento em tecnologias de aviação sustentável e infraestrutura

Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica cometido US $ 45,6 milhões para infraestrutura de tecnologia sustentável Em 2023, foco na eficiência energética e tecnologias de redução de carbono.

Tecnologia sustentável	Investimento	Impacto de redução de carbono
Infraestrutura de energia solar	US $ 18,2 milhões	22% de deslocamento de energia
Frota de veículos terrestres elétricos	US $ 12,4 milhões	15% de redução de emissões
Sistemas de gerenciamento de energia	US $ 15 milhões	18% de eficiência energética

Aprimoramentos de segurança cibernética para sistemas digitais de aeroportos

A empresa alocou US $ 9,8 milhões para infraestrutura de segurança cibernética Em 2023, a implementação de tecnologias avançadas de detecção e proteção de dados.

Medida de segurança cibernética	Investimento	Cobertura de proteção
Detecção avançada de ameaças	US $ 4,2 milhões	Cobertura de rede 100%
Sistemas de criptografia de dados	US $ 3,6 milhões	95% de proteção de dados
Plataforma de resposta a incidentes	US $ 2 milhões	99,9% de tempo de atividade do sistema

Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC) - Análise de Pestle: Fatores Legais

Conformidade com estruturas regulatórias da aviação mexicana

Órgãos regulatórios: O Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica opera sob a supervisão do Ministério das Comunicações e Transporte do México (SCT) e da Agência Federal de Aviação Civil (AFAC).

Agência regulatória	Principal supervisão regulatória	Status de conformidade
SCT	Regulamentos de infraestrutura aeroportuária	100% compatível
AFAC	Padrões de segurança da aviação	Certificação completa

Acordos internacionais de operação aeroportuários e concessões

Detalhes da concessão: O PAC detém concessões de operação do aeroporto para 12 aeroportos do México, válido até 2054.

Localização do aeroporto	Expiração da concessão	Tráfego anual de passageiros (2023)
Guadalajara	2054	14,2 milhões
Los Cabos	2054	5,6 milhões
Puerto Vallarta	2054	4,9 milhões

Adesão aos regulamentos ambientais e de segurança

Conformidade ambiental: O PAC mantém a certificação ISO 14001: 2015 Ambiental Management em todos os aeroportos operados.

• Alvo de redução de emissões de carbono: 20% até 2030
• Investimento ambiental anual: US $ 5,2 milhões
• Taxa de conformidade de gerenciamento de resíduos: 95%

Mudanças potenciais nas políticas de privatização aeroportuária

Cenário legal: A estrutura atual de privatização do aeroporto mexicano permite a participação contínua do setor privado.

Aspecto político	Status atual	Impacto potencial
Restrições de investimento estrangeiro	Até 100% de propriedade estrangeira permitida	Ambiente de investimento estável
Mecanismos de renovação da concessão	Extensões baseadas em desempenho possíveis	Potenciais extensões de 10 anos

Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC) - Análise de Pestle: Fatores Ambientais

Compromisso em reduzir as emissões de carbono em operações aeroportuárias

Em 2023, o Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífica se comprometeu a reduzir as emissões de carbono em 30% até 2030. A atual pegada de carbono da empresa é de 215.000 toneladas de equivalente a CO2 anualmente.

Ano	Emissões de carbono (toneladas métricas CO2)	Alvo de redução
2022	215,000	Ano de linha de base
2025	185,000	Redução de 14%
2030	150,500	Redução de 30%

Implementando práticas de desenvolvimento de infraestrutura sustentável

A empresa investiu US $ 42,5 milhões em desenvolvimento de infraestrutura sustentável em 2023, com foco em práticas de construção verde em seus 12 aeroportos no México.

Aeroporto	Investimento de infraestrutura verde	Recursos de sustentabilidade
Guadalajara	US $ 15,2 milhões	Painéis solares, sistema de reciclagem de água
Los Cabos	US $ 8,7 milhões	Iluminação com eficiência energética, colheita de água da chuva
Puerto Vallarta	US $ 6,3 milhões	Telhado verde, sistema de gerenciamento de resíduos

Investindo em tecnologias verdes para gerenciamento de aeroportos

Em 2024, o PAC alocou US $ 22,3 milhões para a implementação de tecnologia verde em sua rede de aeroportos.

• Equipamento de apoio ao solo elétrico: US $ 8,5 milhões
• Sistemas avançados de gerenciamento de energia: US $ 6,7 milhões
• Infraestrutura de carregamento de veículos elétricos: US $ 4,1 milhões
• Tecnologia de gerenciamento de resíduos inteligentes: US $ 3 milhões

Conformidade com os padrões ambientais internacionais para aviação

O PAC mantém a conformidade com o esquema de compensação e redução de carbono da ICAO para a Aviação Internacional (CORSIA), com 100% de adesão aos estágios 1 e 2.

Padrão ambiental	Nível de conformidade	Ano de certificação
ISO 14001: 2015	Totalmente compatível	2022
Córsia estágio 1	100% de conformidade	2021
Córsia estágio 2	100% de conformidade	2023

Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC) - PESTLE Analysis: Social factors

Sustained tourism demand, with Q1 2025 traffic up 4.2% to 16.3 million passengers

The core social factor driving Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico, S.A.B. de C.V.'s (PAC) performance is the sustained, robust demand for leisure and business travel to its key destinations. This demand is not just holding steady; it's growing. For the first quarter of 2025 (Q1 2025), PAC reported a total of 16.3 million terminal passengers across its 14 airports, marking a solid 4.2% increase compared to the same period in 2024. That's a strong start to the year.

This growth underscores the enduring appeal of the Mexican Pacific coast and the Caribbean, even as the market matures. The company added 13 new routes during Q1 2025 alone, with 10 of those being international, further solidifying the strong air corridor between Mexico and North America. This continued expansion of connectivity is a clear opportunity.

Here's the quick math on recent traffic trends:

Metric	Q1 2025 Value	YoY Change (vs. Q1 2024)
Total Terminal Passengers	16.3 million	+4.2%
Total Revenues	MXP 8.4 billion	+26.1%
New Routes Added (Q1 2025)	13 (10 International)	N/A

Growing traveler preference for authentic, sustainable experiences and 'coolcationing'

A significant shift in traveler behavior is the growing preference for authentic, sustainable tourism experiences, moving away from purely all-inclusive, mass-market resorts. This trend, often referred to as 'coolcationing'-seeking out less-traveled, culturally rich destinations-is a near-term opportunity for PAC's diverse portfolio.

Mexico's tourism strategy for 2025 is actively supporting this by promoting its Pueblos Mágicos (Magical Towns) with a focus on environmental care and community welfare. The Pacific Coast, where PAC operates major hubs like Puerto Vallarta and Los Cabos, already holds the largest market share in Mexico's sustainable tourism segment, accounting for approximately 34% in 2024 and projected to grow. This means your key airports are positioned to capture higher-value, eco-conscious travelers who typically spend more per trip.

• Demand authentic cultural immersion.
• Prioritize eco-conscious and responsible travel.
• Seek wellness and nature-based activities.

Risk of overtourism in key destinations like Los Cabos, potentially leading to local pushback

While record traffic is good for the bottom line, it creates a social risk of overtourism, which can manifest as local pushback or, more critically, as a security concern that impacts traveler perception. Los Cabos, a major PAC hub, is on track for another record year, projecting around 4.13 million visitors in 2025. This intense growth strains local infrastructure and resources.

More immediately, a severe social risk emerged in October 2025 with reports of public threats targeting U.S. citizens in Los Cabos, linked to organized crime. Even if exaggerated, such high-profile security incidents create an unstable threat environment that can quickly deter high-spending international tourists. This is a defintely a headwind for the Los Cabos International Airport, which saw its passenger traffic decrease by 2.1% in October 2025. You can't ignore a threat that changes a tourist's decision matrix.

Strong cross-border connection via the integrated Cross Border Xpress (CBX) drives Tijuana traffic

The integrated Cross Border Xpress (CBX) is a unique social and operational advantage for Tijuana International Airport. It acts as a secure, 390-foot pedestrian sky bridge connecting the San Diego, California, side directly to the Tijuana terminal. [cite: 4 from previous thought, 12 from previous thought]

This seamless connection taps directly into the vast Southern California market, offering a cost-effective alternative to flying from US airports. Critically, approximately 75% of all CBX users reside in the United States. [cite: 7 from previous thought] This strong cross-border social and economic link is a structural driver of Tijuana's traffic, helping PAC to diversify its passenger base. PAC's proposal in November 2025 to combine the CBX business further shows its strategic importance. Still, you must watch the near-term volatility: Tijuana's passenger traffic dropped by 4.2% in October 2025, which could signal a temporary softening in this key cross-border segment.

Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC) - PESTLE Analysis: Technological factors

The technological landscape for Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico (PAC) is defined by massive capital expenditure aimed at capacity expansion and a strategic, $2.2 billion business combination to internalize core technical capabilities. This isn't just about bigger buildings; it's about using technology to manage a surge in passenger volume-over 32.1 million passengers in the first half of 2025 alone-while improving the customer experience and operational efficiency.

US$2.2 billion business combination to internalize technical services, a major 'GAP 2.0' push.

PAC is executing a proposed $2.2 billion business combination, a cornerstone of its 'GAP 2.0' strategic initiative, that will fundamentally change its technological and operational structure. This deal, expected for shareholder approval in December 2025, is designed to internalize the technical assistance and technology transfer services historically provided by an external strategic partner.

Honestly, bringing these services in-house is a smart move. It ensures continuity of critical functions and gives PAC direct control over its technological roadmap as it enters its next phase of growth. Plus, the combination includes the full integration of Cross Border Xpress (CBX), the dollar-denominated landside terminal in San Diego connected to Tijuana International Airport. This integration is a massive technological and strategic advantage, offering a fast, secure, and unique cross-border passenger experience.

Significant investment in new infrastructure like the 74,000 sq. meter Puerto Vallarta terminal.

The company's Master Development Plan (MDP) for 2025-2029 is backed by a historic investment of over MXP 52 billion (approximately US$2.5 billion), with a heavy focus on new infrastructure that incorporates advanced technology. The largest single project is the new Terminal 2 at Puerto Vallarta International Airport, which is projected to be 74,000 square meters.

This expansion represents a 132% increase in the airport's infrastructure, effectively doubling its capacity. What's interesting is the technological and environmental commitment built into the design: the terminal is aiming for LEED Gold certification and is designed to be Latin America's first Zero Energy airport, leveraging solar panels and efficient water management systems.

MDP 2025-2029 Investment Focus	Impact on Operations/Technology	Key Metric (Average Increase)
Terminal Building Expansions	Increased passenger flow capacity and modern terminal technology.	50% increase in terminal capacity
Inspection Points Upgrade	Enhanced security and faster passenger processing technology.	45% increase in inspection points
Airfield Improvements	Better air traffic management and ground operations efficiency.	20% expansion of airfield

Need for continuous upgrade of security and passenger processing technology to handle capacity increases.

Passenger traffic growth-like the 4.2% year-over-year increase in the first half of 2025-demands continuous technological upgrades to avoid bottlenecks. Security and processing technology are where the rubber meets the road for customer satisfaction.

PAC is addressing this directly with targeted investments. For instance, the modernization of the Puerto Vallarta terminal included the installation of autonomous migratory filters, which significantly speed up the passenger process without sacrificing security. Also, the Guanajuato International Airport's investment of over MXP 2.8 billion includes adding two new lines at the Passenger Inspection Point to manage growing volume.

Digital transformation is crucial for improving customer experience and operational efficiency.

Digital transformation isn't an abstract goal here; it's an action plan tied to hard infrastructure. The entire MDP is explicitly designed to 'enhance passenger experience' and 'strengthen the connectivity' of the regions.

The integration of CBX is a prime example of a technological solution driving customer experience. It provides a seamless, high-tech connector between the US and Mexico, a service that is a major draw for traffic at Tijuana International Airport. We are seeing a shift from simply managing an airport to managing a full-service travel ecosystem.

• Internalize technical services for better operational control.
• Integrate CBX for unique cross-border passenger convenience.
• Install autonomous filters to defintely speed up immigration.
• Increase inspection points by 45% to handle passenger volume.

Here's the quick math: more capacity (like the doubled capacity at Puerto Vallarta) only works if the technology can process the increased flow. That's why the investment in inspection and processing tech is so critical right now.

Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC) - PESTLE Analysis: Legal factors

Maximum Tariffs and Master Development Programs (MDPs)

The core of Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC)'s revenue stability in Mexico rests on its concession contracts, which require a regulatory review of Maximum Tariffs and Master Development Programs (MDPs) every five years. The Federal Civil Aviation Agency (AFAC) concluded this process in August 2024, approving the MDP and tariffs for the 2025-2029 period. This five-year visibility is defintely a plus for long-term planning.

For 2025, the AFAC set the maximum tariffs per workload unit in Mexican pesos (MXN) for PAC's key airports. For instance, the maximum tariff for Guadalajara International Airport is 349.44 pesos, and for Tijuana International Airport, it is 266.45 pesos. The entire MDP for the five-year period commits PAC to a substantial investment of 43.18 billion pesos across its twelve Mexican airports. This commitment is legally binding, so failure to execute the investment plan can trigger penalties or contract adjustments. It's a classic regulatory bargain: stable revenue caps in exchange for mandatory capital deployment.

Mexican Airport	2025 Maximum Tariff (MXN per Workload Unit)	2026-2030 Capital Development Program (Montego Bay)
Guadalajara	349.44	Investment: $118.1 million (USD)
Tijuana	266.45	2026 Max Passenger Charge: $17.38 (USD)
Los Cabos	524.20	2030 Max Passenger Charge: $19.07 (USD)
Puerto Vallarta	522.06	Concession Extension: Montego Bay extended to March 2034

Legal Uncertainty from Mexican Judicial Reforms

A significant near-term risk for all private sector entities in Mexico, including PAC, stems from the sweeping judicial reforms enacted in late 2024 and implemented through 2025. The most impactful change is the popular election of all federal and state judges, which began with a vote in June 2025. This shift from a merit-based appointment system to a direct electoral one introduces a high degree of legal uncertainty (diminished legal certainty).

For a concessionaire like PAC, this means the judicial branch-the final arbiter of contract disputes and regulatory challenges-may become politicized. Private sector confidence could erode because newly elected judges, potentially lacking deep commercial or technical experience, might be less predictable in upholding contracts or ruling against government interests. This risk is compounded by the fact that the complete replacement of all federal and local judges is set to occur in 2025 and 2027.

CBX and Technical Services Internalization Approval

PAC is executing a major strategic initiative, 'GAP 2.0,' which involves a proposed $2.2 billion business combination to internalize technical services and fully integrate the Cross Border Xpress (CBX) terminal at Tijuana International Airport. This is a complex transaction, crossing two jurisdictions (Mexico and the U.S.), and it requires significant legal and corporate approvals.

The deal is structured to consolidate affiliated entities and secure 100% ownership of CBX. It is expected to be submitted for formal shareholder approval in December 2025. The financial benefit of internalizing the Technical Assistance Agreement (TAA) is clear: estimated pre-tax annual savings equivalent to approximately 5% of Mexican airport EBITDA, which translates to roughly US$50.8 million based on LTM 9M25 (Last Twelve Months ending September 2025) figures. Regulatory approvals in the U.S., such as CFIUS and HSR clearances, have already been secured, but the final corporate vote is the critical legal hurdle remaining.

Jamaica's Common Law Framework

PAC's operations in Jamaica-Sangster International Airport (Montego Bay) and Norman Manley International Airport (Kingston)-fall under a different legal regime: the English common law system. This system is generally viewed as more transparent and predictable for foreign investors than Mexico's civil law system, but it can sometimes be slow in dispute resolution.

The regulatory relationship with the Airports Authority of Jamaica (AAJ) is dynamic, as seen in the July 2024 concession contract modifications to account for COVID-19 impacts.

• The Montego Bay concession period was extended by one year, now expiring in March 2034.
• The Right over Concessioned Assets fee for Kingston Airport was favorably adjusted from 62.01% to 53.22% of total revenues.

This demonstrates that while the framework is stable, contractual negotiations and regulatory adjustments are a constant part of the legal landscape. The Jamaican Chief Justice has publicly stated a goal for the country to become a 'first-class legal system' and a regional dispute resolution center, which is a positive signal for long-term foreign investment.

Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC) - PESTLE Analysis: Environmental factors

You need to map out the environmental factors for Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico, S.A.B. de C.V. (PAC), and the biggest near-term risk is definitely climate-related operational disruption, but the long-term opportunity is tied to its measurable carbon management strategy. PAC is actively managing its environmental footprint, but extreme weather events are already hitting the bottom line, demanding immediate attention to climate resilience.

Here's the quick math: the US$2.6 billion investment over five years is the defintely the biggest lever for future growth, but it's all conditional on navigating the political and regulatory environment successfully. Finance: track the final approval and funding structure for the US$2.2 billion CBX/technical services deal immediately.

Direct operational risk from extreme weather, evidenced by Hurricane Melissa's impact in October 2025.

Climate change is no longer a theoretical risk; it's an immediate operational and financial threat. The passage of Hurricane Melissa, a Category 5 storm, in October 2025 clearly demonstrated this, forcing the suspension of operations at the two Jamaican airports managed by PAC: Kingston Airport and Montego Bay Airport. The impact was significant because the Jamaican airports represent a material portion of the company's business, accounting for 11.0% of PAC's total passenger traffic and 8.8% of consolidated EBITDA during the first nine months of 2025.

The operational disruption was not uniform. Kingston Airport resumed commercial operations on October 30, 2025, but Montego Bay Airport suffered more severe damage, keeping operations suspended longer for structural and electrical assessments. This directly translated to a sharp drop in passenger traffic for October 2025, which you need to factor into your Q4 projections.

Airport	Operational Status (Oct 2025)	Passenger Traffic Decline (Oct 2025 vs. Oct 2024)
Montego Bay Airport	Operations remained suspended due to damage	17.6% decline
Kingston Airport	Resumed commercial operations Oct 30, 2025	13.0% decline

All airports participate in the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) program to manage emissions.

PAC uses the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) program (a global carbon management certification for airports) as its main tool for measuring and reducing its carbon footprint. All of PAC's airports in Mexico and Jamaica are participants in the program, though they are at different stages of the journey. This is essential for maintaining a credible environmental, social, and governance (ESG) profile with institutional investors.

• Three key airports have reached the Level 3 ('Optimization') phase, which requires engaging third parties (like airlines and service providers) in the carbon reduction effort.
• The remaining airports are at the initial Level 1 ('Mapping') phase, where the carbon footprint is measured and documented.

The goal is to continue advancing through the levels-'Neutrality', 'Transformation', and 'Transition'-to align with global climate targets, but progress here requires capital investment and buy-in from the entire value chain. It's a multi-year effort.

Mandatory ESG reporting follows international standards (GRI, SASB, IFRS S1/S2) for transparency.

To meet the rising demand for non-financial disclosure, PAC is aligning its reporting with the most stringent global frameworks. The 2024 Sustainability Report, released in July 2025, confirms this commitment to transparency.

The report was prepared in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards and the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) framework. Furthermore, PAC has taken the initial step of considering the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) S1 and S2, issued by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB). This is a strong signal to the market that PAC is preparing for the future of mandatory climate-related financial disclosures (IFRS S2), which will translate climate risks and opportunities into hard financial numbers.

Focus on resource management, including wastewater treatment and reducing energy consumption.

Beyond carbon emissions, PAC's environmental strategy prioritizes responsible resource consumption, particularly water and energy, which are critical operational costs. The company has invested in infrastructure to manage water scarcity and contamination risks.

• Water Management: PAC has renewed and increased the capacity of its wastewater plants across its network to ensure the treatment of all discharges from the airports. The treated water is then reused for activities like irrigation of green areas, which reduces reliance on local potable water supplies.
• Energy Efficiency: Actions to reduce electrical energy consumption include automating air conditioning systems, installing presence detectors and lighting sensors, and maximizing the use of natural light in terminals.

These measures are designed to reduce the overall environmental impact and also provide a clear operational benefit by lowering utility costs, helping to mitigate the annual efficiency factor adjustment in the maximum tariff structure. The continuous monitoring of water quality is a non-negotiable compliance requirement.